After that new cost with respect to old cost is calculated. Perturbation and cost calculation phases perturbed initial ONU positions and create a new position of ONUs. In the initialization phase, ONUs are placed using the greedy algorithm. Sarkar et al proposed a simulated annealing algorithm for ONU placement which works in five phases namely Initialization, Perturbation, Cost calculation, Acceptance, and Update. This algorithm uses a genetic algorithm for position optimization of ONUs in the network and provides an efficient solution in terms of network cost. Bhatt et al proposed a hybrid algorithm for ONU placement. In the load balancing stage, the load is transferred among the different ONUs to satisfy load balancing constraints. In the ONU placement stage, deploy minimum ONUs under the constraint of hop number. In authors proposed a load balance ONU placement (LBOP) algorithm considering peer-to-peer communication which works in two-steps namely placement of ONUs and load balancing among ONUs. In this paper for deploying ONU, a Tabu Search heuristic method is used. In authors deploy the ONUs in the network in such a way that the overall network throughput increases. New trends on future smart FiWi networks are also identified and discussed in detail. In a comprehensive survey is discussed on different aspects of FiWi such as network architecture, QoS provisioning, scalability improving, reliability enhancing and energy saving. Authors of developed an analytical framework for evaluating the capacity and delay performance of a wide range of routing algorithms in fiber wireless (FiWi) broadband access network based on different next-generation PONs and a Gigabit-class multi-radio multi-channel WLAN-mesh front-end. The survey includes different energy mechanisms such as ONU sleeping mechanisms, power saving modes (PSM), and some cooperative-based energy saving schemes. In authors proposed a comprehensive survey of recent energy mechanisms on FiWi network. Another important factor for FiWi is energy saving issue in which energy can be saved by putting low-loaded ONU into sleep mode. It also affects network performance in terms of QoS and reliability. Issue of survivability is more crucial at the back-end of FiWi because back-end follows tree topology. Survivability is defined as the ability to provide services to users if any failure occurs in the network. In FiWi, ONU should be optimally placed such that with minimum ONUs all the routers can connect to the network. ONU placement issue affects the network performance and cost of the network. ONU placement, energy saving, network architecture and survivability are the key issues in FiWi network. The reverse mechanism takes place for downstream. This router further sends data to its primary ONU and then primary ONU up-streams this data to OLT. To access the network facility the user sends data to the nearby wireless routers. from wireless to optical for upstream communication and optical to wireless for downstream communication. The optical network unit (ONU) is the interface that combines these two networks and does the work of signal translation i.e. Results show that the proposed algorithm reduces the average communication distance between ONU and its associated wireless routers hence, it may offer the best way to deploy energy efficient FiWi network.Īrchitecture of fiber-wireless access network. Simulation is performed for varying number of wireless routers to check the worthiness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm optimizes the position of ONUs in such a manner that all deployed wireless routers can connect to their primary ONUs with minimum possible average communication distance. On taking consideration of these two issues we propose a whale optimization algorithm for ONU placement for FiWi network. ONU placement issue affects the deployment cost and network performance while energy saving is the need for green technology. Some of the important issues of the FiWi network are ONU placement and energy saving. Fiber Wireless (FiWi) access technology is one of the existing technologies that fulfills the current demands of users in cost-efficient manner. Explosive growth in the field of Information and Communication Technology demands an access technology which can serve users better Internet speed in "anytime anywhere” manner.
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